УДК 621.039.7: 551.583 • Issue 8 (36) / 2022 • 47-51 pages
Olkhovyk Yu.O.
Olkhovyk Yu.O., D. Sc. (Engineering), National Aviation University, ORCID: 0000-0001-5653-2370, yolkhovyk@ukr.net
Abstract
Currently, in the Exclusion Zone at the site of the Chornobyl NPP, work is being carried out on the final closure and conservation of power units 1–3, the feature of which is the presence of a high-capacity channel uranium-graphite reactor (RVPK). During operation, the reactor graphite becomes radioactive due to the accumulation of the long-lived radionuclide 14C in the graphite. An additional contribution is made by the indicated radioactivity of technological impurities (36Cl, 60Co) and spills of fission products and fragments of nuclear fuel. The main problem of the decommissioning of nuclear installations from the RVPK is related to the need to choose optimal methods of handling large volumes of spent graphite. The possibility of applying the technology of near-surface disposal of decommissioned uranium-graphite reactors of the RVPK, known as the “green mound”, to power units 1–3 of the Chernobyl NPP was considered. Natural factors have been identified, the possible action of which during the time required for the decay of radionuclides 14C and 36Cl to an acceptable level, may lead to the destruction of near-surface storage facilities for disposal at the Chernobyl NPP site. These factors determine the rehabilitation of the river valley of the Pripyat River and the vulnerability of surface disposal repositories to the effects of cyclical climate changes. Climatic changes should be taken into account when making decisions on on-site disposal, given that the processes of decay of long-lived radionuclides, degradation of matrices of incorporated radioactive waste, and the duration of protective barriers in terms of time are relevant to the dynamics of climate change. The need to take into account the impact of global climate changes on the intensity of changes in the geomorphological characteristics of the locations of “green mounds” was noted. A particularly dangerous and powerful natural factor that will inevitably lead to the destruction of the “green mounds” is the influence of probable glaciation. The relevance of solving the scientific task of a complex combination of knowledge regarding the formation of the physical and geographical features of Polissia in the last 200 thousand years with the modeling of climate changes in the future 100 thousand years is emphasized, which will allow to reasonably accept or reject the very idea of near-surface burial of long-lived radioactive waste at the Chernobyl NPP site.
Key words: Chernobyl NPP, irradiated reactor graphite, near-surface disposal, green mound, climate change, glaciation.
Article
Reference
- International Atomic Energy Agency (2016). IAEA-TEC-DOC Processing of Irradiated Graphite to Meet Acceptance Criteria for Waste Disposal. Vienna : IAEA, 148 p.
- Belencan Experience with In-Situ Decommissioning as a Remediation End Point. International Atomic Energy Agency International Experts’ Meeting on Decommissioning and Remediation After a Nuclear Accident 28 January – 1 February, Vienna, Austria. URL: http://www-pub.iaea.org/iaeameetings/IEM4/29Jan/Belencan.pdf.
- Izmestiev, A., Koliarevsky S., Seleev I., Yushitsin K. (2012). Nuclear Technology and Environmental safety, 2. URL: http://www. ru/technology/47198.
- Stelmakh, D., Kuchinsky, V., Platonenko, (2016). Nuclear and Radiation Safety. 1 (69), 57–63. DOI: 10.32918/nrs.2016.1(69).09.
- Tutunina V. Sposob zakhoroneniya tverdykh radioaktivnykh otkhodov. Patent № RU 2488904. URL: https://i.moscow/patents/ RU2488904C1_20130727.
- International Atomic Energy Agency (2011), “Policies and Strategies for the Decommissioning of Nuclear and Radiological Facilities”, IAEA Nuclear Energy Series № NW-G-2.1. URL: http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1525_web.pdf.
- Rivni zvil’nennya radioaktyvnykh materialiv vid rehulyuyuchoho kontrolyu: hihyenichni normatyvy (2010). Zatverdzheni postanovoyu Holovnoho sanitarnoho likarya Ukrayiny vid 06.2010 № 22. Kyiv, 2010.
- International Features, Events and Processes (IFEP) List for the Deep Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Version 0. Radioactive Waste Management. NEA/RWM/R (2019). 1 July 2019.
- Glossariy MAGATE po voprosam bezopasnosti Terminologiya, ispol’zuyemaya v oblasti yadernoy bezopasnosti i radiatsionnoy zashchity (2007). Vena :
- Vymohy do struktury ta zmistu zvitu z analizu bezpeky poverkhnevykh ta prypoverkhnevykh skhovyshch dlya zakhoronennya radioaktyvnykh Zatverdzh. nakazom Derzhavnoyi inspektsiyi yadernoho rehulyuvannya Ukrayiny vid 02.12.2019 r. № 520, zareyestr. v Ministerstvi yustytsiyi Ukrayiny 21.01.2020 r. za № 64/34347. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z006420?find=1&text=%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82#w1_1.
- Department of Energy and Climate Change. National Policy Statement for Nuclear Power Generation (EN-6). Volume I of II. Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change pursuant to section 5(9) of the Planning Act 2008. July 2011. URL: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/ system/uploads/attachment_data/file/47859/2009-nps-fornuclear- pdf.
- International Features, Events and Processes (IFEP) List for the Deep Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste : Version 3.0. Radioactive Waste Management. NEA/RWM/R (2019) 1 July 2019 (www.oecd-nea org).
- Milankovich M. (1939). Matematicheskaya klimatologiya i astronomicheskaya teoriya kolebaniy klimata. GONTI-NKTP, M. – L., 207 p.
- Pimenoff N., Venäläinen A., Järvinen H. Climate Scenarios for Olkiluoto on a Time-Scale of 120 000 Years (2011). POSIVA 2011-04 Posiva OY 109 р.
- Pazynych V.H. Korotka istoriya URL: http://www. arheolog-ck.ru/?p=3033; http://www.arheolog-ck.ru/?p=3054, 2010.